Among nonpregnant and pregnant adults aged 18 years, hospitalization rates were calculated overall, and by race/ethnicity and COVID-19 vaccination status. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Three recent epidemiological studies found that vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants during their first 4 months of life and a reduced risk of hospitalization during the first 5 months of life17,18,19. The company also said full results of its 2,250-person study confirmed the pill's promising early results against the virus: The drug reduced combined hospitalizations and deaths by about 89. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). U.S. regulators had authorized the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for children aged 5 to 11 years in October, prior to the Omicron surge. Iuliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, et al. In this large study which included >30,000 infants, we found that receipt of at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy was associated with a decreased risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during their first 6 months of life. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Cite this article. The results were unchanged when no adjustments for covariates were made (Supplemental Table3). Urban Health 83, 10411062 (2006). During the first 6 months of life, 940 (3.10%) infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and 10 (0.03%) infants were hospitalized with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. TN, NMF, SGN, DDA, AMP, and ST wrote the original draft of the manuscript. Vaccinations were limited only to those received during pregnancy. Author's reply, Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ZyCoV-D): the interim efficacy results of a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in India, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MRC Biostatistics Unit COVID-19 Working Group, Cases, hospital admissions, and hospital attendances in those with delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants, between Nov 29, 2021, and Jan 9, 2022, Risk of hospitalisation and mortality for COVID-19 cases with omicron compared with delta, overall and by age group, Estimated HRs for vaccination categories, secondary analysis. All adjustment variables were selected a priori based on prior work36. Science brief: omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Google Scholar. Recently another study reported that the effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against infections and hospitalizations among pregnant people was higher during the Delta period than during the Omicron period21. Am. However, protection estimates greater than 90% might be too high if individuals with a previous infection were more likely than those without one to come forward for a test for reasons other than suspicion of COVID-19. Evaluation of the relative virulence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada. Despite several studies showing that vaccination during pregnancy is safe for pregnant people24,25,26,27,28, vaccine uptake has been suboptimal in this group29. the date of publication. JAMA 327, 10871089 (2022). Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among nonimmunocompromised children and adolescents aged 5-17 yearsVISION Network, 10 states, April 2021-January 2022. 3501 et seq. It is possible that our exclusion criteria may have resulted in a final sample that may not be reflective of all KPNC infants. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The report found that, during the omicron wave 6,743.5 per 100,000 unvaccinated people were contracting COVID-19 and 187.8 per 100,000 were hospitalized. CDC. However, data currently available on the persistence of immunity after vaccination on the one hand and the emergence of viral variants with reduced sensibility to vaccine immunity on the other, raise the need to administer boosters to maintain the protection and to compare . Preliminary findings of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety in pregnant persons. By the end of December, Omicron made up 58% of all cases in the US, per Our World in Data, but Delta is thought to cause more severe disease and more hospitalizations than Omicron on average. Annually, approximately 40,000 births occur at KPNC facilities. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. ; COVID-NET Surveillance Team. endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Johnson AG, Amin AB, Ali AR, et al. The results were published yesterday in JAMA Network Open. https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1. PubMed Our additional supplemental analysis suggests that pregnant persons who received at least one vaccine dose before pregnancy should complete their vaccination series during pregnancy to provide protection to their children during the first 6 months of life. Image, Download Hi-res Risk of hospital admission for patients with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: cohort analysis. TN, NMF, SFlax, SFunk, SA, SB, and ST did the formal analysis. N. Engl. Dis. MB), Help with MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1328. Other studies found similarly decreased proportions of severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during this period (6).. SARS-CoV-2 variant data update, England: Version 21. As of January 26, 2022, 39.6% of Black persons received a primary vaccine series; of those, 43.9% of adults received a booster dose once eligible. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations, through building vaccine confidence, raising awareness of the benefits of vaccination, and removing barriers to vaccination access among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates from COVID-19, including Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. It is critical that nursing home residents stay up to date with CO VID-19 vaccines and receive a bivalent booster dose to maximize protection against COVID-19. T.R. Beginning the week of December 1925, 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant circulating variant in the United States (i.e., accounted for >50% of sequenced isolates). All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. During the study period, home testing became more prevalent. Statistical codes are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author. JAMA 326, 16291631 (2021). During the Omicron-predominant period, weekly COVID-19associated hospitalization rates (hospitalizations per 100,000 adults) peaked at 38.4, compared with 15.5 during Delta predominance. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:134754. N. Engl. Ann Intern Med 2021;174:140919. Weekly / March 25, 2022 / 71(12);466473. Questions or messages regarding errors in formatting should be addressed to Zerbo, O. et al. Most mothers (1032 of 1138) who received only one dose received the vaccine during the third trimester. State data show the average age for COVID deaths was about 80 in late 2020, but dropped in spring 2021 to as low as 69 after most older adults received their first COVID vaccines. TN, NMF, SFlax, MC, DDA, AMP, and ST conceptualised the work. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1 A continuity correction has been applied to the denominators by capping the percent population vaccination coverage at 95% by assuming that at least 5% of each age group would always be unvaccinated in each jurisdiction. In this analysis, vaccine effectiveness was evaluated as 1 minus the odds ratio. PubMed Although hospitalization rates increased for all adults, rates were highest among unvaccinated adults and lowest among adults who had received a primary series and a booster or additional dose. J. Med. The study setting was Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare delivery organization that provides comprehensive healthcare to ~4.4 million members as of 2019. Chi-square tests were used to compare differences between the Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles are deeply flawed. Officials have received a growing number of reports of XDR Shigella, which is highly transmissible and resistant to commonly recommended antibiotics, in adults. J. Pediatr. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more severe disease and more hospitalizations, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Analyses were conducted using SAS statistical software survey procedures (version 9.4; SAS Institute). SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland, Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy, Effectiveness of a third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a national observational study in Israel, Covid-19 vaccination programme effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 related infections, hospital admissions and deaths in the Apulia region of Italy: a one-year retrospective cohort study, Post-vaccination outcomes in association with four COVID-19 vaccines in the Kingdom of Bahrain, Effectiveness and protection duration of Covid-19 vaccines and previous infection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults, The indirect effect of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination on healthcare workers unvaccinated household members, SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar, https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%209.29.22%20FINAL.pdf?_ga=2.255000394.335550773.1665001859-370326403.1636740765, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.059, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Third, because immunocompromise status is not always known, it is not possible to distinguish between booster and additional doses; this could have influenced observed rates. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: technical briefing 35. Pediatr. CAS part 46, 21 C.F.R. However, in contrast with the Norwegian study which reported that infants of mothers who were vaccinated had a 33% decreased risk of testing positive during the first 4 months of life during the Omicron period17, our study found a 13% reduced risk that was not statistically significant. Structural changes in the brain may explain the persistent fatigue and neuropsychiatric complications tied to long COVID. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. *** LTCF residents include hospitalized adults who were identified as residents of a nursing home/skilled nursing facility, rehabilitation facility, assisted living/residential care, long-term acute care hospital, group/retirement home, or other LTCF upon hospital admission. Stock, Jade Carruthers, Rachael Wood, Joshua Guedalia, Michal Lipschuetz, Ofer Beharier, Tobias Homan, Sara Mazzilli, Domenico Martinelli, Manaf AlQahtani, Xing Du, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Jussipekka Salo, Milla Hgg, Lauri Sksvuori, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Nature Communications J. Med. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Delta period: July 1, 2021December 18, 2021, reflects the time when Delta was the predominant circulating variant; Omicron period: December 19, 2021January 31, 2022, reflects the time when Omicron was the predominant circulating variant. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Only 16% of children between the ages of 5 and 11 are fully vaccinated, and that number climbs to just over 50% of adolescents between ages 12 and 17, according to CDC data . COVID-19Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021January 2022. However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: coverage and safety. Members receive almost all their medical care at KPNC-owned facilities, including clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, and laboratories. Maryland did not contribute data after December 4, 2021, but did contribute data for previous weeks. The TND analyses avoid this bias by limiting the analysis to infants who were tested for SARS-CoV-2. DeSilva, M. et al. Overall, 63% of Americans are fully vaccinated. 1.04-1.49) after adjusting for age, sex, and vaccine characteristics. Sign up for notifications from Insider! We observed a similar pattern in vaccine effectiveness by trimester during the Omicron dominant period, however, estimates of vaccine effectiveness by trimester were imprecise and much lower than during the Delta period (Table3). Infections are rare and can be severe or fatal, but so far scientists don't see genetic changes that pose an increased threat to people. 1). 9-14 As of October 2022, 68% of the US population has completed primary series vaccination. According to the Ontario Science Table's online dashboard, the hospital occupancy rate for the unvaccinated was 611 per million unvaccinated people in the province's population as of Jan. 7,. Moline HL, Whitaker M, Deng L, et al. Sect. Delahoy MJ, Whitaker M, OHalloran A, et al. Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. The cumulative monthly age-adjusted hospitalization rate during January 2022 among unvaccinated adults (528.2) was 12 times the rates among those who had received a booster or additional dose (45.0) and four times the rates among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose (133.5). Gordon, N. & Lin, T. The Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult member health survey. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). J. Coinciding with Omicron variant predominance, COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults increased in late December 2021 and peaked in January 2022; rates increased more among Black adults relative to rates among adults of other racial and ethnic groups. 226, 236 e1236.e14 (2022). The state has administered 3.2 million vaccine doses since Dec. 1 alone, but lagging rates between full vaccination and first doses for adults especially (82.6% vs. 95%) are becoming a point of . All authors (O.Z., B.F., N.P.K., T.R., M.G., E.L., P.R., K.G., S.O., and E.L.) critically reviewed the manuscript and decided to proceed with publication. 2022 The Authors. To ensure stability and reliability of rates by vaccination status, data are presented beginning when 14 days have passed since at least 5% of the population of adults aged 18 years in the COVID-NET surveillance catchment area had received an additional or booster dose. As with previous variants, being vaccinated greatly protects you from severe disease with omicron. The study did not adjust for maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy due to the inability of capturing home testing results. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during the Omicron period than during Delta. In this primary design, all eligible infants meeting inclusion criteria were included without sampling which improved power and minimized bias related to selection. This was the highest age-adjusted weekly rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. Wkly. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer, Office of the Vice President for Research | Contact U of M | Privacy Policy, Mary Van Beusekom | News Writer | CIDRAP News, Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed the primary series and received an additional or booster dose on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after completion of the primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, because COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). Garg S, Patel K, Pham H, et al. 20, 15225 (2016). Safety and efficacy of single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against Covid-19. Models were adjusted for the covariates listed above. NHS Test and Trace statistics (England): methodology. Mothers were classified as either having had 2 doses or one dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (and completed more than 14 days prior to delivery) or not having had any COVID-19 vaccines prior to delivery. The code used to analyse the data is available on. Association of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants. Female sex was a protective factor (HR, 0.52), while residence in a nursing home or low-income area was a risk factor. J. Med. Google Scholar. Morb. Hospitalization rates among non-Hispanic Black adults increased more than rates in other racial/ethnic groups. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:14652. Vaccine 31, 31043109 (2013). J., Fireman. Finally, the COVID-NET catchment areas include approximately 10% of the U.S. population; thus, these findings might not be nationally generalizable. Racial and ethnic disparities in rates of COVID-19associated hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital death in the United States from March 2020 to February 2021. Razzaghi, H. et al. Google Scholar. During the Omicron-predominant period, overall weekly adult hospitalization rates peaked at 38.4 per 100,000, exceeding the previous peak on January 9, 2021 (26.1) and the peak rate during the Delta-predominant period (15.5) (Figure 1). Open 5, e2232760 (2022). Furthermore, it was reassuring that both the cohort and the secondary TND yielded vaccine effectiveness estimates in the same direction. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1, https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccination-Demographics-in-the-United-St/km4m-vcsb. Additional COVID-NET methods for determining vaccination status have been described previously. Sample sizes presented are unweighted with weighted percentages. The stats are for COVID-associated hospitalizations, which may include people for whom COVID-19 was not the primary reason for admission. Kim, L. et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Vaccines: The CDC recommends that everyone age 5 and older get an updated covid booster shot. COVID-19associated signs and symptoms included respiratory symptoms (congestion or runny nose, cough, hemoptysis or bloody sputum, shortness of breath or respiratory distress, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, and wheezing) and non-respiratory symptoms (abdominal pain, altered mental status or confusion, anosmia or decreased smell, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysgeusia or decreased taste, fatigue, fever or chills, headache, muscle aches or myalgias, nausea or vomiting, rash, and seizures). Waning 2-dose and 3-dose effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among adults during periods of delta and omicron variant predominanceVISION Network, 10 states, August 2021-January 2022. SARS-CoV-2 infections can result in COVID-19associated hospitalizations, even among vaccinated persons. Article A free-text field for other types of residences was examined; patients with an LTCF-type residence were also categorized as LTCF residents. All these results were similar to those when no adjustments for covariates are made (Supplemental Table1). Two new observational studies suggest that COVID-19 vaccination lowers long-COVID incidence and severity. Schrag, S. J. et al. Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. For mothers of infants in the cohort, we extracted from the electronic health record data: age at pregnancy onset, self-reported race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, Pacific Islander, Multiracial, Native American, Other, White), the primary KPNC facility at which the woman received most of their health care, insurance payor (dichotomized as Medicare/Medicaid/other subsidized insurance and Other), neighborhood deprivation index [NDI]35 categorized into quartiles with higher values representing greater deprivation), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI=kg/m2; underweight <18.5, normal 18.524.9, overweight 25.029.9, obese 30.0), pre-pregnancy diabetes status, pre-pregnancy hypertension, and parity (0, 1, 2, 3, 4). 1CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response Team; 2General Dynamics Information Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; 3California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California; 4Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, CDC; 5Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment; 6Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; 7Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; 8Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health; 9Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; 10Iowa Department of Public Health; 11Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; 12Minnesota Department of Health; 13New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; 14New York State Department of Health; 15University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; 16Ohio Department of Health; 17Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; 18Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 19Utah Department of Health.